Omniscient Point of View

“Through the Tunnel” is told from the point of view of an all-knowing, or omniscient, narrator. Although the narrator focuses mainly on Jerry, we also learn some of Jerry’s mother’s thoughts and feelings. How would the story be different if Jerry’s mother were telling it?

•  If Jerry's mother was to tell the story, the story would be told either in a first person point of view, or a third person point of view. If she were to tell the story, the mother would not know the details of her son diving. She would most likely know only Jerry diving down, and then up, and then down again. She would not know what Jerry saw under the water. She know, however, that he is up to something, and that he has to complete the mission. Jerry's mother would somehow understand the feelings of Jerry. This also means that we would also somehow understand the feelings of Jerry.
• The whole story would be different if Jerry's mother told the story. It would become a story like a mother supporting her son to do something her son really wants, and what the feelings of the mother are. 
• I believe that the story would be better if it is told in Jerry's point of view. This is because we would understand exactly what he is trying to do, and also understand his motivation. When the story is told by Jerry, we would also be told the exact details for what Jerry sees and experiences, which is way more interesting if the story is told plainly by Jerry's mother.

Film vs. Print

How are movies different from books? What can a book show you that a movie can't? What can a movie show you that a book can't? Discuss the relative merits of each medium.

• Movies and books differ in many ways. Several ways include the different ways of visualization, how they appeal to our senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste), words vs. pictures, and the relative slowness and fastness of each medium.
• When a person is reading a book, they have several advantages. First, when there is a passage of time, there can be detailed descriptions of how the time went by and what the feelings of the character are. Also, not only during a passage of time, but generally, in a book, a person's thoughts and feelings, especially feelings, can be clearly conveyed to the reader (or audience). When reading a book, the senses that you use are sight and touch. Many people prefer to read books because they can actually feel the book in their hands, which makes things feel more real. Also, imagination can be used when reading a book.
• The good thing about movies is that it can present an actual picture of the characters and the setting. Some people may feel uncomfortable, that they never know what the characters look like. Also, some people do not like to spend too much time watching the details of a long time passing, so they like the movie who go over a long period of time quickly, and show only the main and important parts of the plot. 
• Books are good because we spend a long time to finish a book, so we read books when we are bored, or when we have leisure time. Movies are a type of excitement that we also enjoy, mainly because of the action and adventure, and the fact that many people can all go and watch movies together.

Shaped by Time and Place

How are we shaped by the time and place in which we live? Think about your life today. How might your life be different if you exchanged places with someone your age in another country? In another time? Explain your ideas.

• We are definitely shaped by the time and place in which we live in. The time and place can be said as setting. We are mainly affected by culture. When we say culture, we are talking about how we live, where we live, how we communicate with each other, what language we speak, our values about the things we have and are around us, our relationships with each other, what types of jobs we have, what religion we are, and what kind of traditions do have. 
• If I exchanged places with someone my age in another country or in another time, many things would be different. I would suddenly have to face a different language, a different way of living, a different kind of job, different kinds of values, and different traditions. 
• A more specific example may include me being in the past, such as during the medieval ages in England. There would not be any electricity, which symbolizes a different way of living. Also, I would have to use old English to communicate with other people. There might be more rituals and ceremonies, which means a totally different tradition, since people during the medieval ages are more formal. The people would also have a very different relationship with each other. They would be mostly working relationships. Social relationships are usually between the same classes, and other types of relationship includes family relationships.

How You Present Yourself

Do our choices about how we present ourselves to the world conceal or reveal our personalities? Write a brief description of someone who presents an outward appearance that is completely different from what is on the inside. Think of a character from film, literature, or television, or make up your own.

•  Yes, our choices about how we present ourselves to the world can conceal or reveal our personalities. When people make choices based on their personalities and interests, they reveal their personality. When people make choices opposite to his or her ideas to benefit themselves, they conceal their personality and instead show an opposite side of who they really are. 
• I believe that I am someone who presents an outward appearance that is completely different from what is on the inside. Well, not completely, but kind of different. When I am with my friends and classmates, I show my happy side with my friends, but truthfully, I am sometimes very sad inside because of many other factors influencing my life. I would say that I am quite a good actor, because I am very good at concealing my feelings and thoughts when I really want to, and I can act completely indifferent to something that I may care about a lot. 
• Another character who presents an outward appearance that is completely different from what is on the inside is the girl protagonist from the book "BA357". At the start of the book, the girl always acts strong, even when her best friend died. She comforted her best friend's brother, who cried a lot for his sister who passed away. Fortunately, she later learned on to show her emotions and depend on others more.

Rites of Passage

A rite of passage is a ritual event that marks a person's progress from one status to another. Rites of passage are often ceremonies surrounding events such as other milestones within puberty, coming of age, marriage and death. Write about any rites of passage that you know about. Have you passed through any your self? What significance do the individual words “rite” and especially “passage” have?

•  I have known and seen the rites of passages mentioned above - puberty, coming of age, marriage, and death. Right now, I am going through the process of puberty. My brother is now meeting his so-called "coming of age". To me, I believe that coming of age means that you are finally going to be independent. So, going to college, as my brother is going to, is counted as his coming of age. I have also seen and attended marriages, and have also been to funerals. 
• The rite of passage that I am going through right now is puberty. Even though my growth spurt has already ended, I am still in this stage because rebelling is also a part of puberty. I think that I am very rebellious - I fight with my parents all the time, I speak to my parents with a bad attitude, and I always go against my parent's wishes. I don't know why, but I tend to fight with my mother about fairness a lot. She always wants me to be an adult and act more mature, but I always argue with her that if she does not treat as adults and give us that responsibility, how are we supposed to act like adults?
• Rite is a traditional ceremony that is carried out by a particular group or society, and here, it represents the ceremony or transition that leads from one thing to another. Passage represents the path that follows the rite.

Symbol of the House

In Julio Cortázar’s “House Taken Over,” there are a number of symbols. The house itself acts as a symbol. Try to identify what the house symbolizes, and then see if you can discover other symbols. Describe what they are and what they represent. 

• In the story "House Taken Over" by Julio Cortázar, the house represents many several things. Three of these representations may include sanity, home, and a sanctuary. To the narrator and his sister Irene, the house is the only "safe" place to go. They are not ready face the fears of the outside world, so they barely go outside. In the story, the narrator and Irene mentioned a "they" who were taking over their house. This "they" is another symbol that represents ideas such as insanity and fear. When "they" are taking over the house, one of the possible representations may be that because their life is too normal, and becoming more and more normal, that the narrator and Irene are driving themselves towards insanity. The doors are another symbol. They represent the narrator and Irene's last effort to keeping staying sane. Once the narrator and Irene are outside the doors, they have nothing. This may cause them to be desperate and slowing become lose their sanity. 
• Even though the story is a pretty logical story that represents different ideas that might happen in real life, I do not like the story. This is because I do not like stories without a clearer and more concise ending.

Being Tested

Think of a character in a book or a movie who faced a tough challenge. What physical and mental tests did he or she meet with? How did the character feel at the end of the ordeal? Write a brief summary of the character’s experience, then try to relate it to an experience you have had yourself.

• In the story "Flipped", Juliana and Bryce faces a tough challenge - they have diffuculties getting along with each other because they do not actually know each other very well. The story started when Bryce's family moved to Juli's neighborhood. The first time Bryce met Juli, he was scared of her. Juli, however, fell in love with Bryce at first sight. The two of them grew up together, with Juli chasing Bryce and Bryce always running away all the time. Conflicts occurred between the two people. Bryce did things that made Juli angry, so she finally decided to give up. At first she avoided Bryce and became really cold towards him, but later she greeted him like he was a normal person. Soon enough, Bryce realized that he like Juli, so he tries his best to get Juli to forgive him. At the end of the book, Bryce did an act that made Juli happy, so she decided to forgive him and get to know him more.
• The mental test between the two was that Bryce had to overcome his fear of getting along with Jul and really becoming friends with her. At the end of the story, both were glad that they made up and can get to know each other.